ABSTRACT
Background: Information on the profile of infants with West syndrome in developing countries is limited. This study was done to determine clinico-etiological profile and clinical response of infantile spasms to various medications in children with west syndrome in a developing country.Methods: It was a retrospective cohort study from January 2017-january 2020 done in a tertiary care hospital in western India. Records of 39 children with west syndrome who visited this pediatric neurology division during study period were analysed. 6 were excluded in view of incomplete data. Detailed history, examination, investigations and medications given were noted. Follow up records were assessed to look for long term control of spasms, relapse rates after cessation, or progression to other seizure types.Results: Mean age at onset of infantile spasms was found to be 8.12 months (1 - 36 months).' Mean lag time to treatment was 5.35 months. Etiology was found in 69.7% children with perinatal causes being most common. With oral prednisolone, 54.5% had complete cessation of spasms, and with ACTH also 54.5% had complete spasm cessation. Favourable clinical response at 6 months follow up was found in 8 (47.05%) of the 17 children. Surprisingly, lag time (p=0.381) and symptomatic etiology (p=1.00) did not have any significant impact on outcome.Conclusions: This study highlights the developing country perspective of west syndrome. Increased lag time, different etiological profile and poor outcome are the challenges. High dose prednisolone is a good first line alternative treatment option in resource poor settings.
ABSTRACT
Background:To assess the nutritional assessment of the primary school children in Abbottabad. Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted among children of private and public sectors primary schools of Abbottabad from January -September 2018 by simple random sampling. 200 students from each school (7 and 13 years), present on the day of data collection were included in this study and those who were absent, sick or not willing, were excluded. The data was collected on apre-tested questionnaire.Results:Total 200 students, males 49.5% (n=99) and females 50.5% (n=101) were interviewed and assessed for their nutritional assessment. Their mean age was 11.67±1.66years, height was 144.93±12.34 cms and weight was 37.69±12.96 kgs. Male students (n=67) 67.7% and from private schools (n=67) 65.7% were healthier then female (n=55) 55.4% and government schools (57.1%), P valve 0.085 and 0.026. Most of the students with grade C in last year school performance were underweight (100%). Raven Test for both types of school gave 0.012 P value which indicated more intelligent students resides in private schools. Furthermore, children of well-serviced fathers and qualified mothers were healthy, more intelligent and practiced good hygiene.Also, children of a private school who has better nutritional status scored more than Public school children.Conclusions:Nutritional status of children have a direct effect on their cognitive abilities. Private school children who have scored better in the intelligence test, have better nutritional status. Socioeconomic status and mother qualification have a direct effect on children’s nutrition, health status, school performance and hygiene.
ABSTRACT
Aim: To find out the risk factors associated with wound infection following caesarean section. Design: Prospective cohort study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lalla-Ded Hospital, Government Medical College, Srinagar from October 2014 to September 2015. Methodology: Total of 1560 women who had undergone CS for delivery during study period were considered as eligible. Wound was observed for the development of infection on the third, fifth and seventh postoperative day. Patients who developed wound infection constituted the cases (116) and those with healthy wound constituted the controls (1444). Results: Incidence of wound infection following caesarean section was found to be 7.4% in this study. Wound infection was found to be common in women who had BMI of ≥25, who had absent membranes before surgery, who were diabetic, who underwent emergency surgery and the woman who had vertical skin incision. Conclusion: The risk of developing wound infection after caesarean section depends on multiple factors. Therefore, increased awareness on these risk factors and prevention of these infections should be a clinical and public health priority.